The design of underground structures, particularly tunnels, has always been accompanied by multiple challenges. One of the most critical challenges is the uncertainty in estimating ground properties ...

With the continuous construction of urban traffic roads, more and more new roads are cut off by existing roads to form “dead end roads”. There is an urgent need for a trenchless method suitable for ...

Tunnel construction stands as a pivotal component in the development of modern infrastructure. With urbanization at its peak and space at a premium, the significance of efficient, safe, and ...

The synthesis authors reviewed relevant literature to capture experience with and effective practices for controlling leaks in tunnels around the world. Sources used for the literature search included ...