The enzyme Na⁺-NQR is a sodium pump that drives the respiration of many marine and pathogenic bacteria. Using redox reactions, the process of exchanging electrons between materials, it powers the ...

Researchers have succeeded for the first time in recording, in action, a light-driven sodium pump from bacterial cells. The findings promise progress in the development of new methods in neurobiology.

We've all heard the advice: "Drink your milk and you will have strong bones and healthy teeth." It's supposed to help us meet our bodies' high calcium requirements. However, our cells keep calcium ...

Cells have to invest a lot of energy to maintain this concentration gradient, especially when it comes to getting rid of calcium. 'It's like being on a rush-hour train in a city like Tokyo. When the ...